Zirui Song
Zirui Song, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Health Care Policy and Medicine, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School; Internal Medicine Physician, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

2009–2011
Certificates of Distinction in Teaching
Harvard University

2010–2011
Excellence in Tutorial Facilitation Award
Harvard Medical School

2012
Joan P. Curhan Citizenship Award
Harvard University

2013
Article-of-the-Year Award
AcademyHealth

2014
30 Under 30 in Science and Healthcare
Forbes Magazine

2014
Daniel Ford Award (“Achievement in health services and outcomes research”)
Johns Hopkins Medicine

2015
Morton N. Swartz, M.D. Humanism in Medicine Award
Massachusetts General Hospital

2015
Hospital-Wide Individual Research Award
Massachusetts General Hospital

2016
Mack Lipkin Sr. Associate Member Scientific Presentation Award
Society of General Internal Medicine

2016
Seema S. Sonnad Emerging Leader in Managed Care Research Award
The American Journal of Managed Care

2017
Award for Excellence in Clinician Investigation
Society of General Internal Medicine, New England Region

2017
NIH Director’s Early Independence Award
National Institutes of Health

2019
Milton W. Hamolsky Jr. Faculty Scientific Presentation Award
Society of General Internal Medicine

2019
Bernie J. O'Brien New Investigator Award
International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

2020
Outstanding Reviewer in 2019
Health Services Research

2020
Outstanding Junior Investigator of the Year
Society of General Internal Medicine

2020
NIHCM Foundation Health Care Research Award
National Institute for Health Care Management Foundation

2022
Young Mentor Award
Harvard Medical School

Firearm Injuries In Children And Adolescents: Health And Economic Consequences Among Survivors And Family Members
Authors: Song Z, Zubizarreta JR, Giuriato M, Koh KA, Sacks CA
Health Affairs
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Growth In Patient Cost Sharing For Hospitalizations With And Without Intensive Care Among Commercially Insured Patient
Authors: Kannan S, Stevens J, Song Z
Health Affairs
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Increases in Medicare Spending and Utilization following Private Equity Acquisition of Retina Practices
Authors: Singh Y, Aderman CM, Song Z, Polsky D, Zhu JM
Ophthalmology
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Evidence for Anchoring Bias During Physician Decision-Making
Authors: Ly DP, Shekelle PG, Song Z
JAMA Internal Medicine
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The Consequences and Future of Prior-Authorization Reform
Authors: Kyle MA, Song Z
New England Journal of Medicine
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What Will Cuts to Medicare Advantage Payments Do to Enrollment?
Authors: Song Z
JAMA Health Forum
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A Policy Framework for the Growing Influence of Private Equity in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Cai C, Song Z
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Changes in Prescription Drug and Health Care Use Over 9 Years After the Large Drug Price Increase for Colchicine
Authors: Ly DP, Giuriato MA, Song Z
JAMA Internal Medicine
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Changes in Out-of-Pocket Costs for US Hospital Admissions Between December and January Every Year
Authors: Kannan S, Song Z
JAMA Health Forum
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Demographic And Clinical Factors Associated With Long COVID
Authors: Song Z, Giuriato M
Health Affairs
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Dental Services Use: Medicare Beneficiaries Experience Immediate and Long-Term Reductions After Enrollment.
Authors: Simon L, Song Z, Barnett ML
Health Affairs
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Workforce Composition In Private Equity-Acquired Versus Non-Private Equity-Acquired Physician Practices
Authors: Bruch JD, Foot C, Singh Y, Song Z, Polsky D, Zhu JM
Health Affairs
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Changes in use of low-value services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Shahzad M, Song Z, Chernew ME, Fendrick AM
Am J Manag Care.
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Saving Money or Improving Health? Reconsidering Payment Reform
Authors: Kadakia KT, Song Z
Milbank Quarterly Opinion
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The Business Case for Reducing Firearm Injuries
Authors: Song Z
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Medicare Advantage Financing and Quality in Puerto Rico vs. the 50 US States and Washington, DC
Authors: Authors: Roberts T, Song Z
JAMA Health Forum
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Association of Private Equity Acquisition of Physician Practices with Changes in Health Care Spending and Utilization

JAMA Health Forum
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Primary Care and Financial Risk - Navigating the Crossroads
Authors: Song Z, Chokshi DA, Press MJ
New England Journal of Medicine
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Measuring Changes in Disparity Gaps: An Application to Health Insurance
Authors: Goldsmith-Pinkham P, Jiang K, Song Z, Wallace J
American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings
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Geographic Variation in Private Equity Penetration Across Select Office-Based Physician Specialties in the US
Authors: Singh Y, Zhu JM, Polsky D, Song Z
JAMA Health Forum
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Surprise Billing and the No Surprises Act: Considerations for Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Wang TT, Lee CC, Song Z, Hajibandeh J
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
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Changes in Health Care Spending, Use, and Clinical Outcomes After Nonfatal Firearm Injuries Among Survivors and Family Members: A Cohort Study
Authors: Song Z, Zubizarreta JR, Giuriato M, Paulos E, Koh KA
Annals of Internal Medicine
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Physician Practice Pattern Variations in Common Clinical Scenarios Within 5 US Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Song Z, Kannan S, Gambrel RJ, Marino M, Vaduganathan M, Clapp MA, Seiglie JA, Bloom PP, Malik AN, Resnick MJ
JAMA Health Forum
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalization Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Song Z, Zhang X, Patterson LJ, Barnes CL, Haas DA
JAMA Health Forum
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Prevalence, Costs, and Consequences of Low-Value Preprocedural Urinalyses in the US
Authors: Shenoy ES, Giuriato MA, Song Z
JAMA Internal Medicine
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Changes in Patient Experiences and Assessment of Gaming Among Large Clinician Practices in Precursors of the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System
Authors: Roberts ET, Song Z, Ding L, McWilliams JM
JAMA Health Forum
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Use of private management consultants in public health
Authors: Bruch JD, Feldman J, Song Z
British Medical Journal
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Changes in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care and Health Among US Adults at Age 65 Years
Authors: Wallace J, Jiang K, Goldsmith-Pinkham P, Song Z
JAMA Internal Medicine
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Mortality Before and After Border Wall Construction Along the US-Mexico Border, 1990-2017
Authors: Bruch JD, Barin O, Venkataramani AS, Song Z
American Journal of Public Health
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Health And Economic Outcomes Up To Three Years After A Workplace Wellness Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Song Z, Baicker K
Health Affairs
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Making the Affordable Care Act Marketplace More Affordable
Authors: Song Z
JAMA Health Forum
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Navigating Hospital Price Transparency—A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Shah SA, Song Z
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Out-of-Network Laboratory Test Spending, Utilization, and Prices in the US
Authors: Song Z, Lillehaugen T, Wallace J
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Implications of Changes in Medicare Payment and Documentation for Primary Care Spending and Time Use
Authors: Basu S, Song Z, Phillips RS, Bitton A, Landon BE
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Characteristics of Private Equity-Owned Hospitals in 2018
Authors: Bruch J, Zeltzer D, Song Z
Annals of Internal Medicine
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Out-of-Network Spending on Behavioral Health, 2008–2016
Authors: Song Z, Lillehaugen T, Busch SH, Benson NM, Wallace J.
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Changes in Hospital Income, Use, and Quality Associated with Private Equity Acquisition
Authors: Bruch JD, Gondi S, Song Z
JAMA Internal Medicine
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Expansion of Private Equity Involvement in Women's Health Care
Authors: Bruch JD, Borsa A, Song Z, Richardson SS
JAMA Internal Medicine
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Prices And Cost Sharing For Psychotherapy In Network Versus Out Of Network In The United States
Authors: Benson NM, Song Z
Health Affairs
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Implications of Changes in Medicare Payment and Documentation for Primary Care Spending and Time Use
Authors: Basu S, Song Z, Phillips RS, Bitton A, Landon BE
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Out-Of-Network Spending Mostly Declined In Privately Insured Populations With A Few Notable Exceptions From 2008 To 2016
Authors: Song Z, Johnson W, Kennedy K, Biniek JF, Wallace J
Health Affairs
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Potential Implications of Lowering the Medicare Eligibility Age to 60
Authors: Song Z
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Differences in the Complexity of Office Visits by Physician Specialty: NAMCS 2013-2016
Authors: Goodson JD, Shahbazi S, Rao K, Song Z
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Health Care Spending And Use Among People Experiencing Unstable Housing In The Era Of Accountable Care Organizations
Authors: Koh KA, Racine M, Gaeta JM, Goldie J, Martin DP, Bock B, Takach M, O'Connell JJ, Song Z
Health Affairs
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Out-of-Network Spending on Behavioral Health, 2008–2016
Authors: Song Z, Lillehaugen T, Busch SH, Benson NM, Wallace J
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Physician-initiated payment reform: a new path toward value
Authors: Gondi S, Ferris TG, Patel KK, Song Z
American Journal of Managed Care
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Will Increasing Primary Care Spending Alone Save Money?
Authors: Song Z, Gondi S
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Physician Payment Disparities and Access to Services—a Look Across Specialties
Authors: Goodson JD, Shahbazi S, Song Z
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Health Care Spending, Utilization, and Quality 8 Years into Global Payment
Authors: Song Z, Ji Y, Safran DG, Chernew ME
New England Journal of Medicine
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The Pricing of Care Under Medicare for All: Implicattions and Policy Choices
Authors: Song Z
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Changes in Economic and Clinical Outcomes Under CMS Mandatory Bundled Payments for Joint Replacements
Authors: Haas DA, Zhang X, Kaplan RS, Song Z
JAMA Internal Medicine
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Effect of a Workplace Wellness Program on Employee Health and Economic Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Song Z, Baicker K
JAMA
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Potential Implications of Private Equity Investments in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Gondi S, Song Z.
Journal of the American Medical Association
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The US Affordable Care Act: Reflections and Directions at the Close of a Decade
Authors: McIntyre A, Song Z
PLos Med
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Health Care Spending Slowed After Rhode Island Applied Affordability Standards To Commercial Insurers.
Authors: Baum A, Song Z, Landon BE, Phillips RS, Bitton A, Basu S.
Health Affairs
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Improving Affordability and Equity in Medicare Advantage
Authors: Song Z, Basu S
Inquiry
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Gatekeeping and patterns of outpatient care post healthcare reform.
Authors: Barnett ML, Song Z, Bitton A, Rose S, Landon BE.
American Journal of Managed Care
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Gatekeeping and Patterns of Outpatient Care Post Healthcare Reform
Authors: Michael L. Barnett, MD, MS; Zirui Song, MD, PhD; Asaf Bitton, MD, MPH; Sherri Rose, PhD; and Bruce E. Landon, MD, MBA, MSc
The American Journal of Managed Care
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The CMS Proposal to Reform Office-Visit Payments
Authors: Song Z, Goodson JD
New England Journal of Medicine
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Type 2 Myocardial Infarction and the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program
Authors: McCarthy CP, Vaduganathan M, Singh A, Song Z, Blankstein R, Gaggin HK, Wasfy JH, Januzzi JL Jr.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
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“Finance and Time Use Implications of Team Documentation for Primary Care: A Microsimulation
Authors: Basu S, Phillips RS, Bitton A, Song Z, Landon BE
Annals of Family Medicine
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Incorporating value into physician payment and patient cost-sharing
Authors: Song Z, Navathe AS, Emanuel EJ, Volpp KG
American Journal of Managed Care
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Finance and Time Use Implications of Team Documentation for Primary Care: A Microsimulation.
Authors: Basu S, Phillips RS, Bitton A, Song Z, Landon BE.
Annals of Family Medicine
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Effects of global payment and accountable care on medication treatment for alcohol and opioid use disorders.
Authors: Donohue JM, Barry CL, Stuart EA, Greenfield SF, Song Z, Chernew ME, Huskamp HA.
Journal of Addiction Medicine
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Health reform and utilization of high-volume hospitals for complex cancer operations.
Authors: Andrew P. Loehrer, David C. Chang, Zirui Song, and George J. Chang
Journal of Oncology Practice
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Baby boomers and beds: a demographic challenge for the ages
Authors: Song Z, Ferris TG
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Using Medicare prices—Toward equity and affordability in the ACA marketplace
Authors: Song Z
New England Journal of Medicine
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Behavioral health integration into primary care: a microsimulation of financial implications for practices.
Authors: Basu S, Landon BE, Williams JW Jr, Bitton A, Song Z, Phillips RS
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Mortality quadrupled among opioid-driven hospitalizations, notably within lower-income and disabled white populations
Authors: Song Z
Health Affairs
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Health reform and utilization of high-volume hospitals for complex cancer operations
Authors: Loehrer AP, Chang DC, Song Z, Chang GJ
Journal of Oncology Practice
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Effects of global payment and accountable care on medication treatment for alcohol and opioid use disorders.” Journal of Addiction Medicin
Authors: Donohue JM, Barry CL, Stuart EA, Greenfield SF, Song Z, Chernew ME, Huskamp HA
Journal of Addiction Medicine
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Insurance transitions and changes in physician and emergency department utilization: An observational study
Authors: Barnett ML, Song Z, Rose S, Bitton A, Chernew ME, Landon BE.
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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High Levels of Capitation Payments Needed to Shift Primary Care Toward Proactive Team and Nonvisit Care
Authors: Basu S, Phillips RS, Song Z, Bitton A, Landon BE
Health Affairs
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Association of Insurance Expansion With Surgical Management of Thyroid Cancer.
Authors: Loehrer AP, Murthy SS, Song Z, Lubitz CC, James BC
JAMA Surgery
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The next generation of episode-based payments
Authors: Navathe AS, Song Z, Emanuel EJ
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Drivers of the variation in prosthetic implant purchase prices for total knee and total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Haas DA, Bozic KJ, DiGioia AM, Song Z, Kaplan RS.
Journal of Arthroplasty
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Effects of accountable care and payment reform on substance use disorder treatment: evidence from the initial 3 years of the Alternative Quality Contract.
Authors: Stuart EA, Barry CL, Donohue JM, Greenfield SF, Duckworth K, Song Z, Kouri EM, Ebnesajjad C, Mechanic R, Chernew ME, Huskamp HA
Addiction
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Lower- Versus Higher-Income Populations in the Alternative Quality Contract: Improved Quality and Similar Spending
Authors: Song Z, Rose S, Chernew ME, Safran DG
Health Affairs
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The impact of health insurance expansion on the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Loehrer AP, Song Z, Haynes AB, Chang DC, Hutter MW, Mullen JT
Journal of Clinical Oncology
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Expanding payment reform in Medicare: The cardiology episode-based payment model
Authors: Song Z, Blumenthal DM
Journal of the American Medical Association
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“Effects of global payment and accountable care on tobacco cessation service use: an observational study
Authors: Huskamp HA, Greenfield SF, Stuart EA, Donohue JM, Duckworth K, Kouri EM, Song Z, Chernew ME, Barry CL
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Effects of New Funding Models for Patient-Centered Medical Homes on Primary Care Practice Finances and Services: Results of a Microsimulation Model
Authors: Basu S, Phillips RS, Song Z, Landon BE, Bitton A
Annals of Family Medicine
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Physician incentives and behavioral economics in the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act
Authors: Song Z
Healthcare
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The ACO experiment in infancy—Looking back and looking forward
Authors: Song Z, Fisher ES
Journal of the American Medical Association
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New and unexpected potentially-disruptive life events: what are the immediate impacts on medication-taking behavior? A case-crossover analysis
Authors: Lauffenburger JC, Gagne JJ, Song Z, Brill G, Choudhry NK
BMJ Open
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Specialty-based global payment: A new phase in payment reform
Authors: Song Z, Colla CH
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Traditional Medicare versus private insurance: How spending, volume, and price change at age sixty-five
Authors: Wallace J, Song Z
Health Affairs
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Impact of expanded insurance coverage on racial disparities in vascular disease: insights from Massachusetts
Authors: Loehrer AP, Hawkins AT, Auchincloss HG, Song Z, Hutter MM, Patel VI
Annals of Surgery
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The Early Impact of the 'Alternative Quality Contract' on Mental Health Service Use and Spending in Massachusetts
Authors: Barry CL, Stuart EA, Donohue JM, Greenfield SF, Kouri E, Duckworth K, et al
Health Affairs
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Health insurance expansion and treatment of pancreatic cancer: Does increased access lead to improved care?
Authors: Loehrer AP, Chang DC, Hutter MM, Song Z, Lillemoe KD, Warshaw AL, Ferrone CR
Journal of the American College of Surgeons
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Medicare chronic care management payments and financial returns to primary care practices: A modeling study
Authors: Basu S, Phillips RS, Bitton A, Song Z, Landon BE
Annals of Internal Medicine
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Racial and regional disparities in the effect of the Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage provision on young adult trauma patients
Authors: Scott JW, Salim A, Sommers BD, Tsai TC, Scott KW, Song Z
Journal of the American College of Surgeons
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Addressing the primary care workforce crisis
Authors: Song Z, Chopra V, McMahon LF
American Journal of Managed Care
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Medicare fee cuts and cardiologist-hospital integration
Authors: Song Z, Wallace J, Neprash HT, McKellar MR, Chernew ME, McWilliams JM
JAMA Internal Medicine
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Influence of health insurance expansion on disparities in the treatment of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Loehrer AP, Song Z, Auchincloss HG, Hutter MM
Annals of Surgery
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Implications of Workforce and Financing Changes for Primary Care Practice Utilization, Revenue, and Cost: A Generalizable Mathematical Model for Practice Management
Authors: Basu S, Landon BE, Song Z, Bitton A, Phillips RS
Medical Care
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Rethinking physician payment
Authors: Song Z, McMahon LF Jr
Journal of General Internal Medicine
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The role of private payers in payment reform
Authors: Song Z, Chokshi DA
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Dependent coverage provision led to uneven insurance gains and unchanged mortality rates in young adult trauma patients
Authors: Scott JW, Sommers BD, Tsai TC, Scott KW, Schwartz AL, Song Z.
Health Affairs
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Using Propensity Scores in Difference-in-Differences Models to Estimate the Effects of a Policy Change
Authors: Stuart EA, Huskamp HA, Duckworth K, Simmons J, Song Z, Chernew M et al
Health Services & Outcomes Research Methodology
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Changes in Health Care Spending and Quality 4 years into Global Payment
Authors: Song Z, Rose S, Safran DG, Landon BE, Day MP, Chernew ME
The New England Journal of Medicine
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Patient referrals: a linchpin for increasing the value of care
Authors: Song Z, Sequist TD, Barnett ML
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Accountable care organizations in the U.S. health care system
Authors: Song Z
Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management
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Two-year Impact of the Alternative Quality Contract on Pediatric Healthcare Quality and Spending
Authors: Chien AT, Song Z, Chernew ME, Landon BE, McNeil BJ, Safran DG, Schuster MA
Pediatrics
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The impact of global budgets on pharmaceutical spending and utilization: early experience from the Alternative Quality Contract
Authors: Afendulis CC, Fendrick AM, Song Z, Landon BE, Safran DG, Mechanic RE, Chernew ME
Inquiry
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Competitive bidding in Medicare Advantage: Effect of benchmark changes on plan bids
Authors: Song Z, Landrum MB, Chernew ME
Journal of Health Economics
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Massachusetts health care reform and reduced racial disparities in minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Loehrer AP, Song Z, Auchincloss HG, Hutter MM
JAMA Surgery
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Becoming a physician in the age of payment reform
Authors: Song Z
Healthcare
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The effect of bundled payment on emergency department use: Alternative Quality Contract effects after year one
Authors: Sharp AL, Song Z, Safran DG et al
Academic Emergency Medicine
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Global budgets and technology-intensive medical services
Authors: Song Z, Fendrick AM, Safran DG, Landon B, Chernew ME
Healthcare
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Guidance for structuring team-based incentives in healthcare
Authors: Blumenthal DM, Song Z, Jena AB, Ferris TG
American Journal of Managed Care
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Unintended consequences of eliminating Medicare payments for consultations.
Authors: Song Z, Ayanian JZ, Wallace J, et al.
Archives of Internal Medicine
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The era of delivery system reform begins
Authors: Song Z, Lee TH
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Mobile clinic in Massachusetts associated with cost savings from lowering blood pressure and emergency department use
Authors: Song Z, Hill C, Bennet J, Vavasis A, Oriol NE
Health Affairs
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Competitive Bidding in Medicare: Who Benefits from Competition?
Authors: Song Z, Landrum MB and Chernew ME
American Journal of Managed Care
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The ‘Alternative Quality Contract,’ Based on a Global Budget, Lowering Medical Spending and Improved Quality.
Authors: Song A, Safran DG, Landon BE, et al.
Health Affairs
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Potential consequences of reforming Medicare into a competitive bidding system
Authors: Song Z, Cutler DM, Chernew ME
Journal of the American Medical Association
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Implications for ACOs of variations in spending growth.
Authors: McWilliams JM and Song Z
New England Journal of Medicine
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Controlling Health Care Spending – The Massachusetts Experiment.
Authors: Song Z and Landon BE
New England Journal of Medicine
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Trends in Physician Referrals in the United States, 1999-2009.
Authors: Barnett ML, Song Z and Landon BE
Archives of Internal Medicine
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Health Care Spending and Quality in Year 1 of the Alternative Quality Contract
Authors: Song Z, Safran DG, Landon BE, et al.
New England Journal of Medicine
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Workplace wellness programs can generate savings
Authors: Baicker K, Cutler D, Song Z
Health Affairs
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